November 4, 2002
2PLM

John Stark Associates


Volume 5
Number 6




Page 1
- Welcome
Page 2
- Update
Page 3
- News
Page 4
- Brief lines

* Welcome *
Welcome to this issue of 2PLM, an e-zine distributed every two weeks on a free subscription basis. This week's article, STEP and PDM is from regular contributor Mike Bryan. Mike's previous article, 'The Ascent of 3D' can be read in the April 8, 2002 issue.

* STEP and PDM *
Many, many years ago when I was middle-aged I had a dream. Not the usual one of untold wealth and hordes of long-legged lovelies beating a path to my door but rather of a means of archiving product data that would secure and protect them from the vagaries of CAD systems and the advancing years. IGES was a possibility but it only covered geometric definitions and was ambiguous since it had an English language written specification.

When I first started to read about STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) and Product Data Exchange Specification (PDES) I realized that my dream had come true. STEP was the European initiative and PDES was the US initiative which, I believe, started about the same time in the mid-eighties. Thankfully the two initiatives merged as the ISO standard STEP. PDES became Product Data Exchange using STEP and assumed a leading role in the development and promotion of STEP. Needless to say I am still waiting for untold wealth etc.

It wasn't the improved prospects for product data exchange that excited me but the realization that we now had the perfect, complete and unambiguous archival format that would insulate the data from the originating CAD systems into perpetuity. STEP is now well-established in product data exchange but its role as the ultimate archival format, it seems, is only slowly being appreciated. When SAP was being installed and commissioned in my company back in the early-nineties I proposed using STEP as the standard data archival and interchange format. I was told that this would be an unnecessary distraction and that if it was required to interchange data within SAP they would use a standard plot data format. My reply to that, even deleting all the profanity, was still seriously offensive but a raw nerve had been pressed.

A few years later when the company was looking for a PDM system for engineering data I was still unable to make the case for introducing STEP despite doing several presentations. The company was quite happy to store CAD and analytical data in its native format irrespective of the fact that these systems are always changing and are not always certain to be backwards compatible.

It seems to me that a PDM or PLM system has two basic requirements. One is to know the whereabouts and status of the data and the other is to make them available in a usable format to whatever function may have need of them. The first requirement ensures the integrity of the data and the second enables Concurrent Engineering (CE). CE should be the goal of all manufacturing companies since it reduces costs and time-to-market and a PDM system is the best vehicle to achieve CE. But CE is only really realizable when the myriad of product data are available in a universal format that all the diverse systems can interpret and which are not dependent on the type and release status of the creating system. And STEP is that universal format.

I was recently sent a copy of a Ph.D. thesis entitled 'Product Data Management as enabler for Concurrent Engineering' and I found, much to my surprise, not one mention of STEP. I contacted the author and expressed my surprise over the exclusion of STEP considering how vital it is as an enabler for CE. I received a reply questioning my belief in STEP and asking whether STEP is still that important now that the major PDM vendors have EAI tools with which it is possible to make mappings to all kinds of databases. Well, I confess that I didn't know very much about Enterprise Application Integration but I have subsequently read one or two articles and I deduce that this is a technique for integrating disparate processes across multiple enterprises rather than interchanging product data. Also, performing data conversions on the fly seems to me to be error prone and best avoided.

STEP offers a common and universal product data format that is a world standard and if you are going to store product data for any length of time - maybe 30 years or more - then STEP is the only viable format unless, of course, you are still heavily into hardcopy. The CALS initiative was put forward as an enabling technology for CE through its identification of preferred standards, one of which is STEP.

Mike Bryan can be contacted at m.bryan@chyanbre.demon.co.uk


Page 2


 ThetisPro - Unified PLM solution
 from Thetis Technologies. Inc.

ThetisPro - Unified PLM solution from Thetis Technologies. Inc.



Reference Section
Follow the link for books in the Product Development Library

CAD . Manufacturing Maintenance . Product Development . Six Sigma



* Reader Feedback *
From Mike Davis:

"Can Products Talk?", in the September 23, 2002 issue, stirs memories of endless chatter. The overlap of manufacturing and design is a unique problem. Although our systems do not have 85,000 parts, we struggle daily with managing design while manufacturing. We design mooring systems that can weigh over 7000 tons and consist of every system from structural steel to instrumentation to safety equipment. And while we try to maintain the same concept between like projects, each system is unique and purpose built. This coupled with fast track projects equals design while manufacturing.

Further complications arise when the end user requires all deliverables to be branded with their own tags and numbers. We are several years into the use (e.g. implementation) of a PDM system and have spent many hours debating the meaning of product-centric. One voice says product-centric is geometry that is reused and another says product-centric is a system based on the part or product. Our product line includes many items that are re-used and many that are not. We draw a thin, crooked line between reusing product data and regenerating data simply to suit a particular project requirement. A product-centric system would allow us to re-use and generate new deliverable documents in one step. But we still need to store and maintain the precise delivered system information. Product centric systems require entry and management of much more data (attributes) to take the re-usable geometric object to the custom built deliverable document. Is it easier to just duplicate the information from project to project? So what if we end up with duplicate information in the system. It is much easier to duplicate the information than manage large quantities of product centric data.....it only takes one or two mouse clicks.

Back to PDM, we utilize our system from the initial product structure to the released ECN with parts, drawings, specifications, quality matrices and design reports. The PDM system provides the tools to view product data on demand. That's pretty powerful when evaluating an ECR which is the result of a million dollar change order..............to a 1000 ton part........that's 50% complete."




Proposed ICP-35K Project
In a recent issue we mentioned the proposed "Implementing CPD and PLM Technologies for 35,000 European Manufacturing Companies" project for the Sixth Framework Programme of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration. The Expression of Interest for the project is on the European Commission's CORDIS web site at http://eoi.cordis.lu/dsp_details.cfm?ID=34920.

In answer to various questions from 2PLM readers, here is an updated list, by country, of the Consortium members participating in preparation of the proposal:
  • Belgium : CRIF/WTCM, The European Federation of high tech SMEs
  • Denmark : Teknologisk Institut
  • Finland : Huhtamaki Group, Technia
  • France : Centric Software SAS, i-nova, PSA
  • Germany : ABB, BMW Group, Bosch, CeTIM (D/NL), DaimlerChrysler, EADS-M, EMC, EPI-K, Fraunhofer Institut, Siemens, TU Munich, Uni. Bochum, Uni. Magdeburg
  • Greece : Technika Plastika SA, TU Athens
  • Ireland : CIMRU Galway, KineMatik
  • Italy : CR-Fiat
  • Netherlands : ADSE, TNO, TU Eindhoven
  • Norway : EPM Technology, SINTEF
  • Portugal : NLS, Uninova
  • Spain : AIDIMA, IDEKO I.A.E., SOCINTEC
  • Sweden : Eurostep, IVF
  • Switzerland : ABB, Cadcamation, Charmilles Technologies, CERN, EPFL, HES-SO Geneva, ITI, John Stark Associates, Step-X
  • UK : PDEX, Sun Microsystems, Tempest Consulting, Uni. Cardiff, Uni. Loughborough
  • Malta : Uni. of Malta
  • Poland : OTI Warsaw, IPEA Wroclaw, Uni. Lodz
  • Brasil : UFRGS Porto Alegre
  • In discussion : Computer Technologies, Cranfield University, Decubber Project Associates, DuPont Europe, Plexion UK, Sequoyah, Tecnomatix, Uni. Edinburgh, Uni. Saarland.
To achieve a good balance in terms of size, industry, application and geography, we're interested in hearing from other European engineering and manufacturing companies that may be interested in participating in the project, in particular those that are:
  • in the pharmaceutical or food industries
  • or in the oil and gas sector
  • or in the mobile telephony industry
If you're based in the UK or Ireland contact Roger Tempest.

If based in another EU country, or in one of the Candidate Countries, contact John Stark.

Several members of the Consortium will attend the European Research 2002 Conference in Brussels, Belgium (November 11-13, 2002). Contact us at pdm@2pdm.com to arrange a meeting.



EDM/PDM/PLM World
Follow the links for :

Vendors in the EDM/PDM/PLM World. Latest additions/modifications : Access Commerce, Actify, Inc.

EDM/PDM/PLM service providers.
Latest additions/modifications : ADAGE S.R.l.

EDM/PDM Conference and seminar organizations

Conferences and Seminars in the EDM/PDM world


Event: "PDFORUM 2002" to be held in Milano, Italy
Date: November 27-29, 2002
To obtain full details : http://www.iir-italy.it/PDForum/HomePDF2002.asp


CAD case studies, CAD user stories
PocketSpec Technologies Inc. : ColorQA Color Comparison Device
Polymer Technologies : Moldflow
Jada Plastics : Moldflow
VDO North America : Moldflow
British Telecommunications (BT) : GTX
Bose Corporation : Ansoft Corporation
Others

General Interest
Innovation Management
Engineering Change Management
Managing PDM in a changing environment
Principles of Good Product Development


Newsletters
Engineering Data Management Newsletter - September 2002 issue Table Of Contents
CPC/PLM Strategies : 2002



2PLM Media Sheet
Advertisers of CAD, CAM, CAE, EDM, PCM, PDM, PIM, PLM, CPC, CPC/PLM and related systems and solutions. Read the 2PLM Media Sheet. Find out how to reach more than 30,000 customers with one mouse click.

Page 3
News
* Corporate *
Workgroup Technology Corporation (WTC) announced that it has entered into an agreement in principle with SofTech, Inc. for SofTech's acquisition of WTC for a cash purchase price of $2.00 per share of WTC's common stock. Details

* Financial *
Ariba, Inc. announced results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended September 30, 2002. Fiscal year 2002 revenues were $229.2 million, versus $401.6 million in fiscal 2001. Details

Commerce One announced financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2002. Revenues for the current quarter totaled $26.4 million as compared with $81.1 million for the corresponding quarter in 2001 and $27.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2002. Details

Documentum announced financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2002. Revenue for the third quarter of 2002 was $56.3 million, a 24 percent increase over revenue of $45.3 million for the same period a year ago, and a 4 percent increase over the second quarter of fiscal 2002. Details

EDS announced third quarter 2002 revenue decreased 3 percent (5 percent at constant currency) to $5.41 billion versus $5.56 billion a year ago. Third quarter revenues for PLM Solutions were $197 million. Details

Geometric Software Solutions announced that consolidated net profit for the quarter ended 30 September 2002 increased to Rs. 45.20 million, as compared to Rs. 31.19 million for the corresponding quarter last year, representing an increase of 45%. Details

 Autovue - from Cimmetry Systems, Inc.

Download AutoVue from Cimmetry Systems

ImageMax, Inc. announced results for the third quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2002. Revenues amounted to $10.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2002, compared to $10.6 million as reported, in the third quarter of 2001. Details

MSC.Software Corp. announced financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2002. Third quarter revenues of $81 million showed a 29% increase. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced third quarter 2002 revenues of $152.7 million, up 15% versus the year ago quarter. Details

Moldflow Corporation announced the results for its first fiscal quarter ended September 28, 2002. First quarter revenues of $8.3 million increased 2% from the corresponding quarter of fiscal 2002 and were unchanged from the prior quarter. Details

NexPrise, Inc. announced results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2002. During the quarter, NexPrise signed customer agreements with a contract value of approximately $421,000, up 20% from the second quarter of 2002. Details

Open Text Corporation announced financial results for its first quarter ended September 30, 2002. Total revenue for the quarter was $37.7 million, an increase of 5% from the same quarter in the prior year. Details

Tecnomatix Technologies, Ltd. announced its financial results for the third quarter, ended September 30, 2002. For the third quarter 2002, the Company is reporting pro forma revenues of $20.1 million, compared to $21.1 million for the same period last year. Details

3D Systems Corp. announced third quarter 2002 revenue of $28.4 million compared with year ago revenue of $31.5 million. Details

* People *
Ariba, Inc. announced that Richard F. Wallman, senior vice president and chief financial officer of Honeywell International, Inc., has been appointed to Ariba's Board of Directors. Details

ImageMax, Inc. announced the appointment of two new directors to the Company's Board, M. Christine Murphy and Dr. Frederick E. Webster, Jr. Details

NexPrise, Inc. announced the appointment of Daniel Jess to its Board of Directors effective October 28, 2002. Details

SGI announced the appointment of Larry McArthur as senior director of manufacturing industries marketing for the company. Details

SolidWorks Corporation announced that Chris Garcia will steer SolidWorks Corporation's product development operations as vice president of research and development. Details

* Implementation *
AIM systems GmbH announced that Naturin, an international company in the alimentary sector, decided for COMPASS. Details

ANSYS Inc. announced a strategic partnership with Honeywell Engines and Systems to aid their engineering-driven design processes and reduce engineering process cycle time. Details

Agile Software Corporation and Saturn Electronics and Engineering, Inc. announced that Agile has been selected by Saturn as its PLM solution. Details

Cadence Design Systems, Inc. announced that S3/Via Technologies purchased the Palladium design verification system. Details

Dassault Systemes announced that CONSOL Energy Inc. and Farnham and Pfile Construction, Inc. are using an IBM Product Lifecycle Management Solution to develop and maintain a computer-controlled coal-processing plant that ranks among the world's most efficient energy facilities. Details

Dassault Systemes announced that Pratt and Whitney Canada has selected an IBM Product Lifecycle Management Solution centered on CATIA V5, ENOVIAVPM, and ENOVIA 3d com from Dassault Systemes to develop new engines using digital technology. Details

Documentum announced that Mobistar, one of Belgium's leading fixed and mobile telecommunications operators, has deployed the Documentum ECM Platform to provide customer service agents with quick and easy access to all documentation related to customers and dealers. Details

Domain Systems announced the successful completion of another professional services project effecting four manufacturing sites of Liebert Corporation involving upgrades of Agile products. Details

FileNET Corporation announced that Atkins Nutritional Inc., a provider of products and services based on controlled carbohydrate nutritional science, has enhanced the functionality of its Web site based on FileNET's Web Content Management (WCM) solution. Details

Firepond announced that its Japanese operation, based in Tokyo, has won additional new business in recent months from three of Japan's leading corporations. Details

i2 Technologies, Inc. announced that Toshiba's Computer Systems Group is utilizing i2 Demand Chain Management solutions. Details

 Myriad and Brava! WebKit from
 Informative Graphics Corporation.

More about Myriad and Brava! WebKit from Informative Graphics Corporation

MatrixOne, Inc. announced that The Babcock and Wilcox Company has selected MatrixOne solutions in an agreement valued at more than $2.5 million. Details

Moldflow Corporation announced several significant orders from the Asia Pacific region. Details

SAP AG and Infineon announced that Infineon will undertake a worldwide deployment of the mySAP.com e-business platform. In upgrading its systems to mySAP.com, Infineon will implement key capabilities from mySAP Product Lifecycle Management (mySAP PLM), mySAP Supply Chain Management (mySAP SCM), and mySAP Customer Relationship Management. Details

Speed to Market announced that Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) has selected Concerto to manage its NADEP Cherry Point maintenance and repair operations. Details

Tecnomatix Technologies announced that PSA Peugeot Citroen has chosen eMPower Manufacturing Process Management solutions from Tecnomatix to complete the implementation of its digital factory project, the third and last phase of its Ingenum Program, for its powertrain division. Details

* Developments *
Actify announced that it has added support for CATIA 2D to its SpinFire visualization, communication and collaboration solution. Details

Algor announced that ALGOR CAD support was recently added for the Alibre Design 3 - D parametric modeling package. Details

Cimmetry Systems Inc. announced availability of a viewing and collaboration solution for Brightspire, FileNET Corporation's business process management framework and component of its Enterprise Content Management offering. Details

Cimmetry Systems Inc. announced that upcoming AutoVue 17 will support Cadence Allegro and Mentor Board Station PCB design and schematics documents as well as other EDA formats. Details

Dassault Systemes announced the release of ENOVIA Version 5 Release 10 (V5R10), their leading product lifecycle management solution for collaborative product data management. Details

Digital Immersion Software Corp. announced the immediate availability of its Presenter 3D, companion software for Autodesk Inventor users. Details

Eigner announced the availability of Eigner PLM 5. Details

Eigner announced that it has extended its abilities to share information between engineering applications with an integration between Eigner PLM and Dassault Systemes' CATIA V5 3D solution for product design, creation, simulation and optimization. Details

FileNET Corporation announced general availability of its next-generation Capture products, Capture Professional 4.0 and Capture Desktop 4.0. Details

Framework Technologies announced the introduction of ActiveAEC 9.0, the latest version of its project execution decision support software. Details

ICAM Technologies Corporation announced the release of its new machine simulation product Virtual Machine. Details

IDEAL.com announced it has begun distribution of PlanTracer, a new product in IDEAL's family of Scan to CAD products. Details

LightWork Design announced the release of v5.1 of its MachineWorks technology. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced the CAM Output Manager tool, an automated and customizable tool for generating and distributing consistent and accurate computer-aided manufacturing data. Details

PTC announced Pro/CONCEPT, a standalone product from PTC that allows designers to capture, explore and develop product designs and create hyper-realistic digital products quickly and inexpensively. Details

REALVIZ announced the launch of their latest software application, REALVIZ Stitcher EZ. Details

Spicer Corporation announced the release of Imagenation 7.1 with several new features that include a versatile batch processing utility, enhanced Imagenation 3D+ capabilities, and new color scanning for Contex and Vidar scanners. Details

* Relationships *
Dassault Systemes and Axiom Systems Inc. announced the signing of a Consulting and Services partnership around Dassault Systemes' 3D Product Lifecycle Management solutions - CATIA, ENOVIA, and SMARTEAM. Details

Dassault Systemes and Geometric Software Solutions Co. Ltd. announced the signing of an Original Software Development partnership. Under the terms of the agreement, Feature Recognition technology developed by Geometric will be embedded in the open architecture of the next Version 5 release of Dassault Systemes' 3D PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) portfolio. Details

FileNET Corporation announced its support for Universal Application Network - the industry's first standards-based, vendor-independent application integration solution-launched by Siebel Systems in conjunction with industry-leading application software vendors, integration server vendors, and systems integrators. Details

Geometric Software Solutions Co. Ltd. (Geometric) announced a technology licensing agreement with Corporate Synergy Development Center Ltd. Details

iManage, Inc. announced two new European partnerships to support worldwide demand for its collaborative content management suite of applications. Details

 
 Spicer View/Mark up - Powerful Performance, Easy to use.

Universal Viewing and Mark Up from Spicer Corporation

LightWork Design announced that ArtiCAD, a leading interior design software supplier, has licensed the new LightWorks Sketch product for use within ArtiCAD-Pro. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced a joint development and marketing program called ADAPT, designed to enable Web-based information providers, such as online component database services, to integrate quickly and easily with DMS, Mentor's design data management infrastructure solution. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced a technology partnership with Sharp Corporation that provides Mentor Graphics with access to "hardware compilation" technology known publicly as the Bach system. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced an extension to its remarketing agreement with NewLogic. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced that it has received SAP interface certification for its data management solution, the Mentor Graphics DMS tool. Details

Polyplan Technologies Inc. announced the signing of a key agreement which allows them to embed, license, and distribute EDS' PLM Vis toolkit within their current PolyCAPP Manufacturing Process Management (MPM) software package. Details

Synchronicity Inc. and The Virtual Component Exchange (VCX) announced a new joint marketing agreement to better connect semiconductor intellectual property (IP) vendors to their customers and end users. Details

Tech Soft America announced that both their HOOPS technology and EDS Parasolid Modeling Kernel are used within the latest release of RomaxDesigner, from Romax Technology. Details

Tecnomatix Technologies, Ltd. announced a broadened relationship with TWR, a European automotive design, engineering and manufacturing consultancy. Details

* Other *
Alibre Inc. announced it is working with UT-Arlington's Texas Manufacturing Assistance Center (TMAC), Metroplex Region to improve the competitiveness of small to medium-sized Texas manufacturers. Details

Baan announced it will launch its iBaan for Product Lifecycle Management (iBaan for PLM) solution to the German market. Details

Cadence Design Systems, Inc. announced that it has filed a lawsuit against Mentor Graphics Corporation; Meta Systems, its subsidiary; and Aptix Corporation on behalf of Quickturn Design Systems, a Cadence subsidiary. Details

Commerce One announced that Commerce One.net has processed more than 830,000 purchase order transactions involving amounts in excess of $1.5 billion of spend during the first nine months of 2002. Details

Covisint announced that the top purchasing executives of DaimlerChrysler AG, Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation are pursuing three products from Covisint LLC as standards. The three products are Covisint Auctions, Covisint AQP (Advanced Quality Planner, developed by Powerway and currently marketed as Powerway.com) and Covisint Catalog. Details

EDS announced its latest software applications management contract -- a three-year agreement with i2 Technologies Inc. to manage i2's Oracle financial and Siebel customer relationship management applications suites. Details

Engineous Software announced the launch of its eCOURSE Educational Program. Details

Artemis Resources - PDM Recruitment Specialists

For more information and to see our latest PDM and PLM jobs visit our website

Firepond announced that, in parallel with a corporate initiative to "Web services - enable" its SalesPerformer Configurator, it recently joined the Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I). Details

Intergraph announced that the ISO Standards and Industrial Additions Library for Intergraph SmartPlant PandID 3.0 is available from the Process, Power and Offshore division of Intergraph Corporation. Details

LASCOM announced a 3 million dollar round of venture funding. Details

Mentor Graphics Corporation announced it had won a third summary judgement of patent infringement, the latest for its patent #5,754,827, against the Mercury and Mercury-Plus product lines of Cadence Design Systems. Details

Open Text Corporation announced it has been ranked by Business 2.0 magazine as one of the 100 fastest growing technology companies worldwide. Details

Workgroup Technology Corporation (WTC) announced that it has made an approximate 27% reduction in its workforce effective as of October 31, 2002. Details

Workgroup Technology Corporation (WTC) announced that the Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel had rejected the Company's request for continued listing on The Nasdaq SmallCap Market, and that the Panel determined to delist the Company's securities from The Nasdaq Stock Market effective with the open of business on October 31, 2002. Details

Page 4
Brief lines


Subscription information
To subscribe to 2PLM, fill in the subscription form or send an e-mail headed 'start 2PLM subscription' to pdm@2pdm.com

Subscription cost
Subscribers receive 2PLM free of charge.

Privacy policy
We understand and respect your desire for privacy. The information we ask for at subscription time is the minimum necessary to effectively fulfill your subscription and communicate with you if and when necessary. We do not release the information you provide us to third parties. In case of further questions, you can reach us at pdm@2pdm.com

Previous issues
Click here to access previous issues of 2PLM.

Limited time
We know you have a busy schedule. To reduce delivery and reading time, 2PLM has a simple format and concise content.

Termination of subscription
To terminate subscription, please send an e-mail headed 'stop 2PLM subscription' to pdm@2pdm.com

Sponsorship
2PLM is provided free of charge to its readers. Companies that share our objectives of promoting successful implementation of PLM systems and world-class product development performance may sponsor 2PLM. There is space for a maximum of one sponsor message per page, except on this 'Brief lines' page - where there is room for several short sponsor messages.

Publication frequency
2PLM is published approximately every two weeks.

Copyright
Copyright 2002 by John Stark. All rights reserved.

Links to pages on other sites
Please note we cannot control the content of pages that are not our own.

Permission to reproduce text or graphics
Applications for permission to reproduce part or parts of 2PLM (text or graphics) should be sent to pdm@2pdm.com

Permission to make 2PLM available within an organization
Applications for permission to make 2PLM available within a company or other organization (e.g. by internal mail, corporate Intranet, etc.) are usually accepted. Please send a request for permission to pdm@2pdm.com

Disclaimer
Information provided in 2PLM is intended solely to provide general guidance on matters of interest for the personal use of the reader, who accepts full responsibility for its use. Information is provided 'as is', with no guarantee of completeness, accuracy, or timeliness, and without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not limited to, the warranties of performance, merchantability, and fitness for a particular purpose.

Nothing in 2PLM shall to any extent substitute for the independent investigations and the sound technical and business judgement of the reader. Technology, laws and regulations are continually changing, and can only be interpreted in the light of particular factual situations. The information in 2PLM does not constitute technological, business, legal, investment or consulting advice, and should only be used in conjunction with appropriate professional advice obtained by the reader from a suitably qualified professional who understands the reader's particular factual situation.